How It Works
A wider view can require more terrain information and rendering data to be held at once. The relationship is not a simple fixed amount of memory per distance step because worlds, graphics features and mods differ.
Monitor Memory
Use your launcher's or operating system's monitoring tools while following the same path. Note pauses, memory usage and whether the system starts relying heavily on storage. Compare a lower distance before adjusting other settings.
Memory Settings
Use the requirements published for your actual modpack or project. Giving Java all system memory can leave too little for the operating system and other applications. If you change an allocation, record the previous value and repeat the same test.
Further reading: Minecraft Creator documentation on render and simulation distance. Settings and mod compatibility vary by edition and version.